1. Urban land development- (urbanization ; suburban sprawl; planned development)
Urbanization: City living
50% World 75% U.S. and increasing.
Urban Growth: The rate of increase of urban populations. * Urban Sprawl
Reasons moving into the city:
Pushed into urban areas by factors such as poverty, lack of land, and declining agricultural jobs.
Pulled- jobs, food , housing entertainment.
Problems that arise with large cities are :
Severe air pollution
High unemployment
Deafening noise
High crime rate
Sub-Urban Sprawl- Expanding Cities.
Suburbs- area attached to the city
Reasons for: land, housing, school, less crime.
Disadvantages, including:
Long transport distances to work – fossil fuel consumption- accidents- obesity- hypertension
High car dependence
Inadequate facilities eg: health, cultural. etc.
Higher per-person infrastructure costs.
Loss of socialization: solar capital
Smart Growth Communities - Ecocity or Green City
-Boulder ,Colorado- green inovator
-Portland, Oregon- # 1 Green City U.S.
-Chattanooga , Tennesse- from brown to green
-Curitiba, Brazil- mass transit, no cars in the city.
Whats being done:
-Prevention of pollution & waste
-Efficient energy use
-Recycling & reducing
-Transportation alternatives to cars.
-Green areas- green belts
2. Transportation infrastructure-