Hindi Journalism started because of 5 main reasons
Date 06.11.2016 Size 15.47 Kb. #967
Navigate this page:Concerned solely with social religious matters Hindi press transformed to political nationalistic Press with a demand for self governance when Unable to face high postal rates Many newspapers started- Benaras Akhbar, Tathwa Bodhini , etc Birth of many Hindi dailies in Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta, Patna etc Hindi Journalism- made rapid progress Masses influenced by regional language NPs, especially Hindi, as Hindi widely spoken 1920, started in Banaras 1920, Patna weekly, influential paper, mouthpiece of the Indian National Congress 1924, 102 papers in India In 1920’s, the previous ones and the following Navbharat Times of the Times group- started in 1950 in Delhi Largest no. of Hindi papers- UP (In 1982- 2052) Best in Hindi journalism- was seen in periodicals- stronghold of Hindi journalism 1918, Mahatma Gandhi advocated the need for recognizing Hindi as the national language Paper was sold for half an anna Writers before Independence were people who had love for Hindi language Hindi literature Hindi was spoken by 49% of the population Aaj Dainik Jaagran - highly competitive since 1974 Big NPs like DB, DJ hired Journalists who had 4-5 yrs experience in smaller NPs, no training as such More rooted in soil than English papers Attempts since 1950’s to exploit the potential of Hindi NPs for developmental purposes Hindi press also helped the rural masses understand the political process More like challenges to regional Press, not Hindi press alone Hindi Journalism started because of 5 main reasons Hindi Journalism started because of 5 main reasons Love for Hindi language Love for Hindi literature Love for Journalism & journalistic activities To rid the society of social evils To propagate religious values Concerned solely with social & religious matters Concerned solely with social & religious matters Not much involvement in political affairs Singular attention to ridding society of social evils like Untouchability, lack of education especially girl education, sati, dowry, child marriage, widow remarriage etc Hindi press transformed to political & nationalistic Press with a demand for self governance when Hindi press transformed to political & nationalistic Press with a demand for self governance when Racial discrimination became rampant Grievances of people against the rulers multiplied 1826 , 1st Hindi NP- weekly started in Calcutta, Oodunt Martand 1826 , 1st Hindi NP- weekly started in Calcutta, Oodunt Martand Editor- Jooghul Kishore (Jugal Kishor) Pioneer of Hindi journalism in India Faced many difficulties in running it Needed postal facilities to dispatch it outside Bengal- but denied by the Govt. Also refused postal concessions Unable to face high postal rates Closed down the paper within an year after 79 issues Made an attempt to start another newspaper in 1850 called Samyadani Martand - but this too failed 1829, Bangadoot , owned by Rajarammohun Roy, sister publication of Bengal Herald (Eng weekly) , Ed- Nilratan Haldar Vehicle for propagation of Roy’s views- attacked Hindu orthodoxy & social vices Also published in English, Persian & Bengali Prajamitra- 3rd Hindi journal to appear in Calcutta 1854, 1st Hindi daily- Samachar Subha Varshan , Ed- Shyam Sunder Sen Many newspapers started- Benaras Akhbar, Tathwa Bodhini , etc Many newspapers started- Benaras Akhbar, Tathwa Bodhini , etc Sudhakar - sustained campaign against missionary activities, Ed- Tara Mohan Mitra, Bilingual newspaper Language used- Khari Boli Saraswathy - literary Hindi magazine, set high standards for future Hindi journals, Ed- Mahavir Prasad DwivediStandardized the style & pattern for Hindi journalism- included literary criticism, book reviews, poetry etc , Birth of many Hindi dailies in Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta, Patna etc Birth of many Hindi dailies in Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta, Patna etc Most prominent ones: Sri Venkateshwar Samachar, Bharat Mitra, calutta Samachar etc Bharat Mitra - became leading Hindi NP of its time in Calcutta, Eds- B Gupta, A P BajpaiMain rival- Viswamitra in 1918 Hindi Journalism- made rapid progress Hindi Journalism- made rapid progress Most reporters & journalists were writers who had interest in Hindi literature & consequently in Hindi journalism Produced outstanding J’s- M.P Dwivedi, C Ram Shukla, Shiv Ram Pandey, Laxminarayan Garde, Narmada Prasad Misra etc Other distinguished writers include: Munshi Premchand, Mahadevi Varma, Ela Chandra Joshi, Chandradhar Sharma Guleri etc Masses influenced by regional language NPs , especially Hindi, as Hindi widely spoken Masses influenced by regional language NPs, especially Hindi, as Hindi widely spoken English not half as effective Leaders wanted dissemination of news & views on freedom struggle through widely read Hindi papers Reporters & writers had one foot in prison & the other in Ed office 1920, started in Banaras 1920, started in Banaras Notable part in Indian Independence struggle 1st Ed- Sri Prakasa- freedom fighter Espoused the national cause & waged a never ending battle against the British Assisted by Baburao Vishnu Pararkar- contribution to development of Hindi journalism immense Sold at half anna Often compared to The Times , London Main aim of the NP was to spread the message of freedom to Hindi speaking masses of UP, Bihar & MP Was a strong supporter of the INC Famous for- impartial & objective reporting & fearless editorials Covered both national as well as international news 1920, Patna weekly , influential paper, mouthpiece of the Indian National Congress 1920, Patna weekly, influential paper, mouthpiece of the Indian National Congress Proved valuable for nationalist propaganda Founded by Babu Rajendra Prasad Not a profitable venture, incurred huge losses Made the mistake of gradually reducing ad rates Hence, circulation increased and losses kept pace End of non cooperation movement spelt doom 1924, 102 papers in India 1924, 102 papers in India 4 dailies: Aaj - Banaras, Swatantra - Calcutta, Arjun - Delhi & Calcutta Samachar - Calcutta But , Hindi dailies were not as successful as Hindi weeklies Their get up & printing was poor, content clumsily written, had countless errors & editorials were very lengthy Weeklies better edited as they had more time at disposal In 1920’s, the previous ones and the following In 1920’s, the previous ones and the following Bhavishya - Kanpur, Sainik - AgraIn 1930’s, Savadho Bharat - Bombay, Lokmat - Jabalpur, Vartaman - kanpur, Milap - Lahore, Lokmanya - CalcuttaMost played a notable role in our struggle for freedom Started in 1936 Started in 1936 Sister publication of Hindustan Times Wide news coverage & variety of special features Had high circulation, a very popular paper Aryavart - started in 1940, sister publication of Indian Nation – exercised considerable influence Navbharat Times of the Times group- started in 1950 in Delhi Navbharat Times of the Times group- started in 1950 in DelhiOne of the largest circulated daily today Many editions- from Maharashtra, MP, Chattisgarh Popular for its coverage of national & international news and views on domestic affairs Amrita Patrika- Allahabad, notable Hindi daily notable for its trenchant editorial Amar Ujala- UP Amar Ujala- UP Sanmarg- Calcutta Kuber Times- Delhi Nai Duniya- Indore Hindi Milap- Hyderabad Rajasthan Patrika- Rajasthan Hindi Tribune- Chandigarh Dopahar Ka Saamna- Mumbai Swatantra Chetna- Gorakhpur Hamara Mahanagar- Mumbai Jansatta- Delhi & Kolkatta Largest no. of Hindi papers- UP (In 1982- 2052) Largest no. of Hindi papers- UP (In 1982- 2052) Oldest surviving Hindi newspaper (as on 1984)- Jain Gazette - weekly from Lucknow, started in 1895 Hindi Press as a whole commands maximum readership More newsprint exists in Hindi than in any other language Best in Hindi journalism- was seen in periodicals- stronghold of Hindi journalism Best in Hindi journalism- was seen in periodicals- stronghold of Hindi journalism Better style, better made & more appealing E.g., Ravivar (Hindi weekly of Sunday Group) & Hindi Blitz from Bombay Main centers of Hindi publications- UP, MP, Bihar, Rajasthan, Delhi 1918, Mahatma Gandhi advocated the need for recognizing Hindi as the national language 1918, Mahatma Gandhi advocated the need for recognizing Hindi as the national language Several politicians & educationists supported him Stressed the need for introducing Hindi as the medium of instruction in schools Campaign for popularization of Hindi got an impetus- Millionaire philanthropist of Benares, Shiv Prasad Gupta launched Hindi NP Aaj in 1920 Paper was sold for half an anna Paper was sold for half an anna Wanted the paper to become as influential as The Times of London When suggestions were raised to have a common script for all Indian languages, Gandhi asserted use of Devanagari (Roman script was used till then) Indian Army used Roman script to write Hindi, it continued till 1951 Bitterness caused by Partition checkmated the effort to have a common script for Hindi & Urdu Though they have lot in common in the spoken form, their scripts have different origins Hindi developed from Sanskrit, Urdu from Persian & Arabic Out of 27 Indian States - 8 States use Hindi as the State language (Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chattisgarh,) Writers before Independence were people who had love for Hindi language & Hindi literature Writers before Independence were people who had love for Hindi language & Hindi literature Till Independence, Hindi NPs had a mission- Freedom Post Independence, this mission became a profession Industrialists & businessmen took over, gained ownership Ed lost importance, journalists who disagreed terms & conditions – unceremoniously sacked Influx of Hindi supplements, weekend magazines, for both literary reasons + entertainment Hindi was spoken by 49% of the population Hindi was spoken by 49% of the population English- 3% 1978, NRS- Circulation of Hindi NPs exceeded that of English NPs 1997- 16.1 million Hindi dailies were sold as against 5 million English ones The gap has widened since then & only increasing Aaj & Dainik Jaagran - highly competitive since 1974 Aaj & Dainik Jaagran - highly competitive since 1974Aaj - audited circulation of about 1,20,000By ‘93, published from 12 centers 1998, Aaj’s circulation- 5,70,000, Dainik Jaagran - 7 lac from 11 centers Dainik Bhaskar - 4.78 lakh copiesNavbharat Times - 2 editions- 4.19 lakh circulationNavbharat - 7 editions- 4.65 copies Big NPs like DB, DJ hired Journalists who had 4-5 yrs experience in smaller NPs, no training as such Big NPs like DB, DJ hired Journalists who had 4-5 yrs experience in smaller NPs, no training as such Most J’s came from right wing tinged communities with communal bias against the minority communities Often brought their prejudices to work Serious allegations that smaller Hindi NPs distorted news & exaggerated certain communally sensitive matter during the Babri Masjid demolition More rooted in soil than English papers More rooted in soil than English papers Covered the mental gap between the readers in rural areas & the English language NPs Bridged the distance between a foreign language NP readers & one who can read his own language Escalation of literacy Increasing purchasing power Hunger for news as well as entertainment Attempts since 1950’s to exploit the potential of Hindi NPs for developmental purposes Attempts since 1950’s to exploit the potential of Hindi NPs for developmental purposes Govt. realized how it could carry the message of planned development Radio was earlier used to convey such vital info to farmers , agricultural communities With the progress of the literacy programme, the focus shifted to print media since it had greater credibility Hindi NPs played a constructive role in promotion of Family planning programme of the Govt. Rural health programmes Literacy campaigns Hindi press also helped the rural masses understand the political process Hindi press also helped the rural masses understand the political process Result- more & more people from rural areas driven to politics + more awareness about our working system NPs also played imp. role during elections in 2 ways: Helped candidates get better exposure in small areas Candidates made Press a part of their campaign to seek rural vote bank More like challenges to regional Press, not Hindi press alone More like challenges to regional Press, not Hindi press alone Maintaining neutrality & objectivity in reporting Being exploited by powerful politicians & industrialists Erosion of the authority of the editor Growing English Press Share with your friends:
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