II. ESSAY
Part A. Residents of an apartment complex in a neighborhood advertised under the name “Valleygrove,” but known by the residents as “The Bottom,” were dismayed to discover that shortly after the nearby paper recycling facility -- “Re-NEWS-It, Inc.” -- expanded its operations, toilets in the complex were backing up, and the odor of sewage was permeating the apartments. The older residents of the complex (who generally had more time on their hands, and were more sensitive to these issues -- in other words, the busybodies) had studied the situation and determined that the sewage problem was most likely caused by temporary surges in paper pulp discharges from the plant, causing downstream “plugs ” in the sewer line. They also determined that these surges were most frequent in
the wee hours of the morning, and that the concentration of pulp in the plant discharges was specifically regulated, under its contract (known as a NPDES Permit) with the local sewerage authority and the Department of Environmental Protection.
The residents are encouraged each to start a lawsuit for injunctive relief and damages by one of the Old-timer tenants in the complex who happens to be a lawyer. Having never learned the newfangled causes of action under the state and federal environmental laws, he presses the residents to sue Re-NEWS-it, Inc., applying common law principles of contract law. Describe what, if any, cause of action would lie against Re-NEWS-It under common law principles of contract law, and what is the likelihood of success on the merits.
Part B. The landlord is a second (and,
to some residents, a handier and more immediate target) for complaints. Recognizing his duty to the tenants under ¶ 14 of the lease, which is the only relevant section of the lease, the landlord has retained Three Bozos with a Truck and a Wrench, Inc. (“Bozos”) to investigate and repair the plumbing in the complex as needed. Bozos reports that the plumbing works perfectly, the problem is downstream, and there is nothing that can be done, short of installing an expensive auxiliary sewage pump. This the landlord refuses to do. He tells Bozos
to stop work on the sewer line, and refuses to respond further to the tenants’ complaints. The Old-timer encourages the tenants to sue the landlord and Bozos.
The lease contains no prohibition against delegation of duties by the landlord.
¶ 14 of the lease states simply:
“The Landlord will at his own expense make all needed repairs to plumbing in the complex.”
Describe what, if any, causes of action would lie against the landlord and/or Bozos under the common law principles of contract law, and what is the likelihood of success on the merits.